A Compendium of Pub and Games Curiosities - Pt.30

Almost 10 years of exploring, photographing, and writing about traditional pub games has inevitably thrown up a few curiosities and mystery objects along the way. The fact is that despite being the pastime of many thousands of individuals, day-in, day-out for much of our recorded history, games such as Skittles, Shove Ha'penny, and Cribbage have never achieved the prominence that might lead to someone documenting and recording them, at least not to the degree that many of our national sports have been.

With practically every game of any age, there's always a strong element of guesswork about their origins, and in the case of games which are effectively extinct, it can prove all-but impossible to determine the precise rules of play. So it's no surprise that objects turn up from time to time that baffle experts and enthusiasts alike, because more often than not there's no comprehensive written records available, and of course those that might know the game inside-out are often no longer with us to tell the tale.

So I throw these curiosities out to the online world in the hope it might reach that one knowledgeable person with the answer, or perhaps just a theory I haven't thought of yet. I've included a couple of pubs I have photographs of, but not as yet an identity.

Bass in Bottle Scoreboard

A longstanding mystery object, and one that's already featured on this blog without a positive identification. Even the archivist at the National Brewery Museum in Burton-on-Trent was unable to find anything similar in their extensive records. This is from the original 2014 blog post with some minor editing:

Essentially a plain Mahogany box overlaid with a thick silvered copper plate, deeply engraved with an advert for Bass in Bottle. The perplexing aspect of this box is the two sets of drilled holes in the copper plate, 16 in total so presumably designed for two players, or two pairs of players scoring to 8. What appears to be the 'finishing' hole is offset as it is on a standard cribbage score board.

Despite engaging the opinion of experts in the fields of pub games and breweriana, the purpose of this box, and the identity of the game associated with it remains a mystery, though the size of the box suggests it would have housed a pack of Cards or set of Dominoes. The main issue being that the number of holes on the 'scoring board' don't correspond to any game that anyone can think of. I also have my suspicions that this object may have been locally crafted rather than manufactured specifically for the Bass Brewery as an advertising item. Certainly the metal plate appears to be 'correct', perhaps a re-fashioned and cut-down plaque that would have originally been mounted outside a hotel or smart club, but even this is proving difficult to identify. If anyone reading this has seen something similar, or has any idea what game this box might have been used to score, I would be delighted to hear their thoughts.

 Mystery Pub #1

Just a little bit more clarity in this old photo and there would be all the clues needed for a positive ID. What can be discerned for sure is the swinging sign which gives the name as The Swan Hotel. The only part of the wall mounted signs I can make out for sure is that the hotel does 'Teas', and unfortunately the destinations on the road signs are indistinct, though it does appear to have A232 on the left-hand section giving a possible location of Surrey or surrounds. Judging by the motor car out front this could even be pre-war, and if the hotel is still standing it's likely the heavily pollarded tree is now gone.

Lion Ale Chalkboard

This interesting chalkboard was tucked away at the back of an antiques shop in Wisbech and was subsequently passed on to a breweriana collector at a Tipplefair event we did at Peterborough Beer Festival some years ago. Another item that has foxed the games and breweriana community, it's thought that the Lion Ale branding refers to Mathew Brown's Lion Brewery in Blackburn, but could equally be Berry's Lion Ales of Sheffield, or neither. So, a pub or club scoreboard that's clearly associated with playing cards, but the game it scores remains a mystery. Since this example was sold on, I've seen a couple more identical scoreboards in the antiques trade so perhaps not as rare an item as I initially thought and yet still a mystery as to which game it's associated with.

Victoria Skittle Club

I've failed to find anything of note about the grandly titled Victoria Skittle Club, other than what can be gleaned from the set of rules themselves. The crucial detail is in Rule 12 which gives the location of the club as being in Leicester but sadly there's no registered address given. A further reading of the rules give some idea of the kind of Skittle Club we're dealing with here. Clearly a gentleman-only club at the time, where 'Gambling, offensive language, and disorderly conduct (are) strictly forbidden'. A club of reasonable standing too given the committee structure and numbers required to invoke a Special Meeting.

So probably not a club for the 'working class' games of Long Alley or Table Skittles. It's more likely that the Victoria Skittle Club would have been a well-appointed indoor alley, either in the style of a nine-pin 'bowling' alley such as the one at the Old Royal Navel College in Greenwich, or an alley for what we now call Old English Skittles. This latter game was once the standard skittles game throughout south-east England and probably as far north as the Midlands, with alleys established in the 'improved' pubs of the time, private members clubs, and sporting establishments. Whilst these skittles clubs were widespread and common (an alley is known to have existed at Melbourne Cricket Club in Australia!), only two such club remains in the capital now.

It's entirely possible that there are records of the Victoria Skittle Club in a dusty archive somewhere, although it's equally likely they would have been disposed of as being entirely unimportant at the dissolution of the club. There may also be clues in the names of the Chairman (Charles Johnson) and Hon Secretary (H W Griffin), who are likely to have been gentlemen of some standing in the local Leicester community.

Mystery Pub #2

Another unknown hostelry, and remarkably another pollarded tree marking the spot. Whilst it's doubtful the tree is still standing, this seems to be a more recent photograph given the cats eyes in the road so hopefully the pub still does. This one is clearly a Courage house, advertising their Alton Ales, Wines & Spirits, so possibly one of the 70-odd former Alton Brewery Co pubs acquired by Courage in 1903. This may put the pub in the Hampshire area, though nothing much else to go on other than the gables which appear to be distinctively curved.

A Shove Ha'penny Curiosity

The classic bar room game of Shove Ha'penny is one that I'm very familiar with, in fact it's one of my favourite pub games. A game that's still played competitively in some parts of the country so the rules are not exactly hard to come by. As it is, I have several books with the rules included, some dating back to the immediate post-war years when the game was very popular.

One curiosity of the game is the single, very occasionally double (as shown here) 'D' zone adjoining the furthest bed. Not all Shove Ha'penny boards have this 'D', indeed most of the modern and earlier manufactured boards omit this feature (Pushpenny boards don't have them either), and yet very many early handmade examples do, but for what purpose I've yet to discover. The board shown here is unusual not only in having a double 'D', but also the corresponding zones at the side for chalking the score of what is effectively an extra two beds to the usual nine. So what was it for? My best guess is that it's a tie-breaker for a drawn game, or possibly used to decide who shoves first, or maybe just an extra bed for expert players to test their accuracy. I've used it occasionally as a 'Trump' bed whereby a coin landing squarely in the 'D' scores to any bed of the players choosing.

Shove Billiards

Shown here is a game that I sadly failed to acquire in an antiques shop near Ely some years ago, the owner was reluctant to part with it to the point of refusing to name a price. He claimed he was keeping it by for a relative who ran a pub, but I doubt it ever made it back into a bar. Now this isn't the only example of this unusual game I've come across. James Masters of Masters Traditional Games has a very good example in his collection, an all wood model featuring the traditional beds of Shove Ha'penny too. The Brunswick Arms in Worcester also has something similar in the game of Shove Snooker, though this is quite a modern example.

A careful examination of the (incomplete) label reveals that the game was called '....-Shuv Billiards' (possibly Penny-Shuv or Ha'penny-Shuv). The thick slab of smooth Slate has four corner 'pocket' depressions, and markings for the position of two discs. These would correspond with the two Cue Balls of Billiards, the single Object Ball would be shuv'd in this case from the bottom edge of the board. The scoring system seems to follow that of Billiards too, and peg holes on the top 'cushion' suggest a 'match' is concluded when the first player wins three games.

Clearly the concept of cannoning coins or tokens to score in the 'pockets' is the basis of the game, with all play from the bottom edge only. So I've a reasonable idea how the game worked, but not how it was actually played? So I'm hoping that someone out there may have their own Shuv or Shove Billiard board, and more importantly, know how to use it.

Medals

Of all the medals I have, there are a couple that I would like to know more about. The silver medal shown here is unusual in that it seems to have been presented for what we now know as the game of Old English Skittles. The gentleman depicted looks set to throw what appears to be a large (Lignum Vitae) discus down a short 'alley' at a frame set with large (Hornbeam) skittle pins.

There are literally thousands of medals for the more common versions of the game of skittles, usually showing someone ready to 'bowl' a ball at the pins, or occasionally featuring one of the numerous tables used for the smaller indoor game. This is the only medal I've come across with the oldest of all the skittles games still played competitively, but the mystery is for which competition or league it would have been presented for. The engraved rear of the medal seems to give plenty of clues, and yet what was the I.S.S.C (I.S. Skittles Club?), and indeed what part of it constituted the HODAC Dept when this was presented immediately prior to the second world war?

Another medal which seems to have more than enough information on the reverse for a positive ID is this one for Table Skittles, although even the game depicted is not entirely clear. Whilst the table shown bears a strong resemblance to a Kentish Daddlums Table, it's hard to draw a firm conclusion as these medals are often somewhat generic in subject matter. Nevertheless, it's an interesting medal from the inter-war years, the key to which is surely the S.T.S.T designation which is likely to be the club or league for this Cup Competition

10 Pt 3 Player Mystery Scorer

Very much in the style of a high quality, manufactured Cribbage Board, but which game scores to 10 and is seemingly for three players?

A pair of scorers

These two scoring boards were spotted at an antiques fair some time ago. Once again, the scoring numbers, which would seem to go to 24, are perplexing and certainly don't match Cribbage, Dominoes, Crash, or any other Card game I can think of. Each comes with a pair of wooden pegs. Needless to say, the dealer had no idea what they were for and neither have I, but I'm sure someone does...

I spotted this unusual game(?) in the 1954 Ealing Studios movie Painted Boats, this scene filmed ostensibly at the historic Boat Inn, Stoke Bruerne in Northamptonshire. The Boat Inn has already featured on this blog, being home to a fine old Northants Skittles Table that sadly doesn't feature in the movie. But what on earth is the board hanging on the wall behind these drinkers?

Similar in format, though not the same as the game of Rings, a pub game that was once much more widespread than its Isle of Wight and Irish stronghold is now. There certainly appears to be rings hanging from some of the hook, but what of the associated flaps, one on the outer corner hooks, two for the inner set, and three for the centre hook. Presumably these are associated with scoring in some way or perhaps as markers for a form of 'Killer'.

Table Skittles - The Leicester Tradition

A Leicester Skittles Table. The Foresters Arms, Leicester

I've been asked on a number of occasions since I started this blog for the dimensions of the various Skittles Tables featured. Whilst many of these tables are still common enough and regularly come up for sale locally or online, good examples are not cheap to buy, and in some cases the enquiry has come from overseas where building your own table is the only realistic option. I've answered these queries personally in the past, but I thought it was high time I created a more permanent and accessible record, starting with my own example of a Leicester Skittles Table. A timely post as this particular table is off to a new home soon, and of course Leicester pubs and clubs remain closed for the foreseeable future so accessing a table is difficult right now.

The Leicester Table Skittles Tradition

Syston Social Club

The Leicester variant of Table Skittles is one of those games that if you've never come across a table before, there's every chance that you'll never have heard of it. Indeed I'd hazard a guess that most Leicester pub-goers have never come across the game, particularly given that tables are often hidden away in the function rooms and skittles alleys of suburban locals and social clubs, rarely on display in the bar these days.

Whilst the superficially similar game of Northamptonshire Table Skittles is common throughout Northants (as well as large parts of neighbouring Bedfordshire, Leicestershire, and Warwickshire), the Leicester game is confined largely to the city, its suburbs, and a handful of villages in the North-West of the county. In fact the Leicester game is regarded as something of an oddity by the few Northants skittles players I've spoken to who've actually heard of it! Sadly it's also a game that's been in steady decline for many years, such that it's now something of a rarity in its home town.

Quite why a local Leicester version of the game exists on the very edge of the much wider Northamptonshire Table Skittles tradition is not at all clear. My own theory is that whilst the game almost certainly developed as an offshoot of Northants Skittles (there are too many similarities for it to have emerged independently), it rapidly evolved to emulate Leicestershire's other important local pub game, Long Alley Skittles.

Long Alley Skittles. The Black Dog, Oadby

It's been suggested that Northamptonshire skittles may have developed as a smaller indoor version of Old English Skittles, a virtually extinct game that was once common throughout much of South and Eastern England. Certainly it shares some similarities in both play and appearance with the much larger alley game (though only the Cambridge version of Table Skittles is actually played to the same rules now). Similarly the Leicester game may well have developed as an indoor bar room version of Leicestershire's other unique traditional pub game, Long Alley Skittles, both of which are played in the same area of the county and nowhere else.

The Leicestershire version of Long Alley Skittles is a very noisy game, hence Skittle Alleys are usually located in a separate outbuilding to the main pub. These would have been sparsely heated at best, perhaps even open to the elements as many still are in the Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire area where a similar skittling tradition exists, such that many leagues are active only in the Summer months. It's therefore only natural that players would want to keep their skittling hand in during the colder Winter months with an indoor game that requires similar skills.

Birstall Social Club

Perhaps the most obvious similarity between Leicester Table Skittles and Long Alley is in the style of skittle pins used, both of which are tall and slender (above & right), and both feature a slightly taller 'King Pin' as part of the set of nine skittles. This is in stark contrast to the fatter, stubby Boxwood pins of the Northants game which more closely resemble the huge Hornbeam pins of Old English Skittles, neither of which game features a king pin incidentally.

The small Edam shaped 'Cheeses' of the Leicester game have been made from a number of different hardwoods over the years, one of which is the very dense tropical wood Lignum Vitae. This wood has also traditionally been used for the barrel-shaped cheeses of the Leicestershire Long Alley game. In fact it's quite possible that a set of three cheeses for Leicester Table Skittles could have been turned-down on a lathe from a single Long Alley cheese, recycling the expensive (and now rare) wood when no longer up to League standard. Another feature of the Leicester game which bears some similarity to Long Alley is the 'Motte', or throwing point.

The 'Motte'. The Tudor, Leicester (closed)

The throwing point in the Northants game is usually defined by a simple line or removable baton of wood, positioned on the floor at the appropriate throwing distance for the game. The actual throwing position along that line is only limited by obstacles such as the walls, the bar servery, or immovable furniture such as bench seating. This is important as in the Northants game it's sometimes desirable to bounce a cheese off the padded sides of the table in order to knock down an awkward broken frame of skittles, a tactic that may require a throw from an acute angle. In Leicester Table Skittles however, no bouncing off the side walls is allowed and the throwing position is therefore more strictly defined, as indeed it is in Long Alley Skittles. In Long Alley, one foot must remain in what's known as the 'Chock Hole' until the cheese is released from the players hand. This restriction is replicated in Leicester Table Skittles by the use of a welded steel 'Motte' (or Mot), within which both feet must remain during the throw.

The Skittles Table

A Leicester Skittles Table appears at first glance to be almost identical to the more common Northamptonshire made WT Blacks & Son or Pepper Bros tables, but put the two side-by-side and the differences become more obvious. 'Blacks' and 'Peppers' tables are the most commonly found examples of the Northamptonshire style, and whilst the two are recognisably different in style, they do seem to have been manufactured to a strictly defined league standard. Less is known about the manufacture of Leicester tables (sadly I've yet to find details of a maker on any of the tables I've come across), but they do appear to be made to a standard pattern which suggests there was at least one common local manufacture.

A typical W T Black & Son Northamptonshire Skittles Table with the chunkier Boxwood Skittles and Cheeses of the Northants game. Gardeners Arms, Northampton

Dog & Gun, Syston

The principal differences that mark a Leicester Skittles Table out from the more common Northamptonshire models are the cushioned side walls, and the length and design of the playing surface. In the Northants game the side walls are usually upholstered in leather and thickly cushioned, originally with horsehair. This is necessary because players occasionally direct a cheese into the side wall, bouncing off and giving angles of attack that would otherwise be impossible. In the Leicester game there's none of this bouncing of cheeses off the walls, and hence the padding is much thinner and the profile somewhat different. In practice almost all of the tables I've come across in Leicester have had their padding refurbished with often brightly coloured vinyl. Leather originals like the one shown here at the Dog & Gun in Syston are now quite rare.

Sir Charles Napier, Leicester

The playing surface is usually lino covered, and the diamond-shaped 'frame' which marks the position of the pins is located further back than in the Northants game. In fact the playing surface and whole table itself is longer than the more square-form Northamptonshire tables. The rear 'trough' which receives the fallen skittle pins on a Northants table is shaped in a 'V' to match the rear of the 'frame'. This is important as none of the 'dead wood' of fallen skittles and cheeses is removed during a players turn, but pins and cheeses tend to fall quite freely into the trough and out of play anyway. The Leicester table is cut straight across at the rear which would tend to make the fallen pins less likely to drop off the playing surface and out of play, but in the Leicester game any cheeses that remain on the playing surface between throws are removed by those players resetting the pins in the 'wood yard', making it somewhat less of an issue than in the Northants version.

The Star Inn, Stoney Stanton

As you can see, the styling of a Leicester table is significantly different to that of the Northants version. They tend to be a bit less 'engineered' than the heavy-duty Blacks and Peppers tables, and the top playing surface is designed to lift off the 'legs' making storage easier when not in use. The canvas 'Hood' at the rear of the table is not nearly as pronounced as that of the Northants game. Presumably there are less instances of wayward throws and dangerous flying wood in the Leicester game where the cushions are not used as an aid to play. It's worth pointing out that despite all these subtle differences, it's quite common to find a Leicester Skittles Table in use for the numerous 'county' leagues, all of which use Northants style pins and cheeses that are usually made from plastic. I don't doubt that the Leicester game is played on Northants tables on occasion too.

Dimensions & Features of the Leicester Skittles Table

The following measurements were taken from a skittles table that was originally in use at Birstall Social Club, latterly in my ownership following a major refurbishment of the club and now in the possession of a pub in Buckinghamshire. The original standards for these tables would undoubtedly have been imperial measurements, but I'm giving them in metric here to cover all bases/countries. I'd also say that there will almost certainly be variation between different tables (I've seen two side-by-side in a club where the all-important height of the playing surface is different by as much as a couple of inches!). Insofar as playing is concerned though, height, width and depth of the playing surface, and the dimensions of the frame are the only really important standards.

Overall length of the Table (A) = 153cm

Total width including sides (B) = 99cm, the Lino playing surface width a little less at 92cm

The height of the playing surface (C) = 58cm

The distance from the front edge of the table to the start of the walls (D) = 29cm

Depth of rubber protection on the (rounded) front edge (G) is 8cm

Height of side panel at rear (E) = 96cm, at the front (F) = 78cm

Height of 'Hood' (H) = 70cm

The 'Frame' marking the position of the skittle pins (I) is 41cm square

The distance from the front edge of the table to the front pin (J) is 65cm

The distance from the rear edge of the playing surface to the rear pin (K) is 8cm

Pins and Cheeses

Perhaps the single most distinctive feature of Leicester Table Skittles is the Skittle Pins and Cheeses used, both of which are smaller than those of the Northamptonshire game. This has a significant bearing on how the game is played, and it's certainly true that a good player in the one game will not necessarily be as successful in the other. The Skittle Pins stand 16cm high, the King Pin a little taller at 18cm. The Lignum Vitae Cheese shown here is 8.5cm in diameter and 2.5cm thick.

Skittles and Cheeses (L-R): Northamptonshire (Boxwood), Leicester (Beech/Lignum Vitae), Leicester (Plastic) 

The wood used for skittle games has always varied to some degree, but even more so now given that some of the hardwoods used have become rarer and hence more expensive. Leicester skittle pins are made from a hardwood, typically Beech, although older sets I've come across are turned from closer grained fruitwood (left). Whilst the pins are of a similar height to Northants skittles, they are much thinner in profile and a set of nine always includes a 'King Pin'. I have cheeses made from the very dense and durable wood Lignum Vitae, but Laburnum seems to be the wood of choice these days. Again, these are significantly smaller than Northants cheeses. Note that whilst modern sets of cheeses are turned with a flat face and curved edge, the older sets made from fruitwood that I've seen are shaped with a curved face making them appear more like a discus. The combination of thinner pins and smaller cheeses make for a very different game to Northamptonshire Table Skittles.

The Motte

Rules and Conventions of the game

It's difficult to say at this time how many leagues are still active for the game of Leicester Table Skittles, perhaps less than half a dozen at the last count including Mens, Ladies, and Mixed leagues, as well as those which are exclusive to CIU affiliated clubs. Needless to say the precise rules are likely to vary for the different leagues and tournaments played, so I don't plan to go into these in any great detail here. Nevertheless, there are fundamentals of the game which apply to all leagues. Leicester Table Skittles is played in the same way as most skittles games in the UK, that is to say each player has three throws at nine pins to achieve the highest score possible. The pins are reset if all are knocked down with either the first or second throw, giving a maximum score of 27. As in many skittles leagues and competitions, each team sets a combined score that the other team aims to beat, the match played over an agreed (usually odd) number of legs.

A good Northamptonshire Skittles player would normally expect to achieve scores in excess of nine more often than not, which is to say that whatever pins were still standing after their first throw, they would consider it a poor throw to not clear them on the second throw achieving what my own team called a 'Tip'. A 'floorer', all pins down with the first throw, might also be expected at least once a match by a good player. In the Leicester game, with thinner pins and smaller cheeses, scores greater than nine are typically rarer even for a good player, and when they are achieved, these 'Whack Ups' as they're known, are regarded as newsworthy enough to have their own competitive table in some leagues. 'Floorers' in the Leicester game are presumably very rare indeed.